Key Areas of Oncology:

1. Major Branches of Oncolog:

• Medical Oncolog: Uses chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy to treat cancer.
• Surgical Oncology: Focuses on surgery to remove tumors and cancerous tissues.
• Radiation Oncolog: Uses radiation therapy to destroy or shrink tumors.

2. Common Cancer Treatments:

• Chemotherapy – Drugs to kill or slow cancer growth.
• Radiotherapy – High-energy rays to destroy cancer cells.
• Surger – Removal of tumors or affected organs.
• Targeted Therapy – Drugs that target specific cancer cell mechanisms.
• Immunotherapy – Boosts the body’s immune system to fight cancer.
• Hormone Therapy – Blocks hormones that fuel certain cancers.
• Stem Cell / Bone Marrow Transplant – Restores healthy bone marrow after intensive treatments.

Roles of Oncologists:

• Diagnosi – Biopsy, imaging, blood tests.
• Staging – Determining the extent and spread of cancer.
• Treatment Planning – Multidisciplinary approach.
• Follow-up & Palliative Care – Managing side effects, improving quality of life.

Key Goals of Oncology:

• Cure – Eliminate cancer completely (when possible).
• Control – Shrink or stop cancer growth.
• Palliation – Relieve symptoms and improve quality of life.

Oncology is the branch of medicine that focuses on the study, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of cancer. It involves a multidisciplinary approach, including medical oncologists (using drugs like chemotherapy and immunotherapy), radiation oncologists (using radiation), and surgical oncologists (using surgery). The goal of oncology is to understand cancerous cells, which are abnormal growths that can spread, and to develop effective treatments and supportive care to manage the disease and improve patients' quality of life.

What is Cancer (Oncological Terminology)?

• Malignant Tumor: Cancer is characterized by the abnormal growth of cells forming a tumor (a mass of cells) that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body, a process called metastasis
• Benign Tumor: In contrast to cancer, benign tumors are localized, do not invade nearby tissues, and do not metastasize.
• Neoplasm: This is a more general term for any new, abnormal growth of cells.

Oncology is the branch of medicine focused on the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and study of cancer. Doctors specializing in this field are called oncologists. They work to help patients manage various types of cancer, which involve the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body.