Endocrinology & Diabetes

Pituitary gland:

"Master gland," controls other glands.

Thyroid gland:

Regulates metabolism and energy.

Parathyroid glands:

Control calcium and bone health.

Adrenal glands:

Produce stress hormones (cortisol, adrenaline).

Pancreas:

Produces insulin and glucagon for blood sugar control.

Gonads (Ovaries & Testes):

Control reproductive hormones.

Hypothalamus:

Links nervous system with the endocrine system.

Common Endocrine Disorders:

• Diabetes Mellitus (Type 1, Type 2, Gestational)
• Thyroid Disorders (Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Goiter)
• Obesity & Metabolic Syndrom
• Adrenal Disorders (Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease)
• Pituitary Disorders (Gigantism, Acromegaly, Hypopituitarism)
• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• Osteoporosis & Calcium Disorders

Diagnostic Tool:

• Blood and urine tests for hormone levels
• Imaging (Ultrasound, MRI, CT)
• Biopsy (if needed)
• Dynamic hormone testing (stimulation/suppression tests)

Treatments in Endocrinology:

• Medications (hormone replacement, antithyroid drugs, insulin, etc.)
• Lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight management)
• Hormone therapy (thyroid hormone, estrogen/testosterone replacement)
• Surgery (thyroidectomy, adrenalectomy, pituitary tumor removal)

In short, Endocrinology focuses on hormone balance and endocrine gland health, essential for overall metabolism, growth, and reproduction.